Emergency Management 670 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Management 670 - Essay ExampleHowever, it is undecomposed to know that moderateness and response are two very important aspects of each disaster precaution plan, due to the fact that they complement and supplement each other (Avery et al., 2008). In this regard, the most important matter to do even while choosing to trade get through is by making sure that if one is prosperous for a specific guess, the other will still be financed even if in only a small portion of the budget for that particular risk.The best way for local government to deal with the spatial relation is by treating each risk individually, and having a budget for each risk. This will allow each risk to be considered in terms of its characteristics and then based on these characteristics the disaster management team nookyful decide whether it is important for mitigation or response planning. Some risks such as those that are inevitable and preventable will be better managed using mitigation planni ng while those that are less(prenominal) predictable and less preventable will be better managed using response mechanisms. Whether to trade off between response and mitigation should however be considered for each type of risk individually, rather than for the boilers suit risks that face a community (Mueller & Stewart, 2011). This is because each risk is unique and would require a unique risk management method. For the risks that are preventable and predictable, the authorities can choose to use mitigation to manage the risks. On the other hand, for those risks that are not predictable, the best way is to prepare for a comprehensive response. In a nutshell, if each risk of a disaster is considered individually, then it is possible to trade off between mitigation and response for the risk of that disaster.The efficiency of a disaster management plan is dependent on both(prenominal) mitigation planning as well as response planning (Hess & Gotham, 2007). It is therefore not simply correct to argue that a response plan or a mitigation plan can be ideal for the management of a

2-page rhetorical analysis on your visual argument Essay

2-page rhetorical analysis on your ocular argument - Essay ExampleThe picture show recording chosen reveals that the Government has taken stern measures promote the sufferings of the teenageds in the adults prison houses (James, Dedel and Maria 34). The video discloses the violation of new rights during and after trial. First, juveniles do not bewilder the capacity to defend themselves in a court of law. The court is biased on the ruling against the juveniles. Second, the politics put the juveniles in prisons where they can hardly protect themselves. They form easy targets for sex predators, and they become victims of the violation.The video provokes the society by recognizing a quote by Nelson Mandela the treatment made to children reveal the society sole. there before, the minor child said that he is willing to hang himself due to the sufferings in the prison. Equal penalisation for children and adult is a punishment greater to the juveniles. The author promotes the thinki ng of the members of the society by making them head word why court poky juveniles considering the same principles of law (James, Dedel and Maria34). When judges sentence both a juvenile and a minor to life without parole, who will serve more years in a jail? Who is prone to intimidation? The video provides the actual feelings based on real facts that occur in the society. The video makes them compare the risks of a free man to that of a juvenile. A juvenile has a probability quintet times higher to sexual abuse in an adult facility than in a juvenile facility.The video emphasizes sufferings of the juvenile using of images and sound. The author presents the innocent boy. A conceptual analysis reveals that he does not deserve a similar punishment to other inmates in the facility. He is greatly weaker than anybody else is in the prison to sustain the humiliations. The author wins the sympathy of the viewer by initiating a deep thinking of why a judge sentenced the bright boy to adu lt prison. The juveniles in adult prisons commit suicide

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

incorporated schema - Essay Example condescension the pressure of the global financial crisis, the throng continued with its existing policy. Consequently, the Groups Executive president announced that some delay over the opening of certain hotels and resorts is unavoidable. Corporate Strategy Jumeirah Group knowledgeableness Worldwide destinations spend over $1,480 billion dollars to attract tourism, enabling it as a lucrative harvest-festival (Pike, 2005). Additionally, vision must enable trade and investment in that quest (Hankinson, 2005). And, to enjoy a thriving branding outline for tourist destinations, five factors, such as retail, services, transit hub, tourism and economics, must be there to implement strategic vision (Jamrozy, 2007, Wong et al. 2006). And the vision of the Jumeirah Group heads in the same direction. In the grade of 1997, Jumeirah Hotels & Resorts, as a company initiated to serve in the matter of cordial reception. Due to its commitment and const ant achievement in the field, Jumeirah Group became a member of Dubai Holding in 2004 (About Jumeirah Group, web).Being based in the city of Dubai, the Jumeirah Group owns and runs Jumeirah Beach Hotel, Jumeirah Emirates Towers, the Jumeirah Carlton Tower, Jumeirah Bab Al Shams Desert Resort and Spa in Dubai, Madinat Jumeirah, Jumeirah Lowndes Hotel in London, and the Jumeirah Essex House on primaeval Park South in the city of New York (Enz, 2010). Additionally, the Group also owns the Wild Wadi, which is considered as virtuoso of the premium water parks outside of North America further, the Emirates Academy of Hospitality Management, which is only third-level universe in the region catering the services in the learning and teaching in the field of hospitality management, also come under the management of this assemblage (Enz, 2010). This group is a giant in the field of hospitality management working beyond the boundaries of the Middle East. Its strategic objectives till the ye ar of 2012 is to conclude the current projects to 60 hotels and resorts, including some projects are underway in Americas, Asia Pacific, North Africa and Europe (Jumeirah, web). Currently, the Group is determined to puff up not only within the Middle East but also other parts of the world. Although, the group has published its corporate right report in 2008, clearly highlighting its corporate responsibility, mentioning its corporate strategy elements, vision, mission, corporate social responsibility and certain other elements are accounted for. Despite showing so ofttimes exceptional growth and expansion in the recent years, the Jumeirah Group has not published the corporate responsibility reports after the year of 2008, since then there are no additional financial and operational data suggesting the current level of its commitment on the green house gases, customers, and other stakeholders. The Group seems unable to publish its corporate responsibility reports, raising more d oubts on its commitment towards corporate issues, including corporate social responsibility. In the subsequent parts of this paper, the concept of corporate strategy is followed by the Jumeirah Groups corporate strategy of global expansion and growth analysis. Subsequent to that, critical analysis is carried over the Jumeirah Groups manifestation policy in the end, a conclusion and some recommendations are also made part of this paper. Corporate strategy Corporate strategy

Strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group Case Study

strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group - Case Study ExampleTheir main strategy was elaborated crossway development cycle which grows on anticipation level among customers. Simultaneously the company showcased their innovations spherically very well. Samsung on the other hand used time very well. They always try to make their presence entangle in the market. Primary focus of Samsung was to capture low and middle end market. But with the help of loyal innovations the company was able to perform well in premium end market also. The company is instantly enjoying huge popularity for their products in every segment of global society. Internal capacities of two these two companies are very high. Both companies are having super innovative capabilities. Apple has done a good mixture of both science and arts in their products. Apple over the years has delivered super, elegant and simple experiences out of their products. It has do the organization a dominant player in the smart phone market. Apple is fighting efficacious battles with Samsung regarding infringement of patent rights. It is a very well thought business strategy from Apple to stay more firm foot on the global mobile industry. In this way Apple is hard to break free from competitions. The deputation and vision statement of Apple is very much in verge with their long term goals. Apple reinvented mobile phones and brought revolutionary changes in digital music systems. Samsungs mission and vision statement is also in line with their long term goals. According to the company they commit in devotion of their human resources and their technology for the creation of good quality products and services which would contribute towards global society. Samsung is contributing towards South Korean economy heavily (Jeremy, 2010).Strengths Samsung has unparallel ability to market their brands. Integration of computer hardware with many open sources like software and OS is also a great strength fo r Samsung. gilt-edged product

Question and Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Question and Answers - Essay ExampleWith regard to ownership, a business raise be have by one individual, a small group of individuals and it can be owned by the public at large as a publically traded company.For in camera owned companies, the main advantage is control since these companies do not have to keep the wishes of the shareholders in psyche while making large business decisions. Additionally, the profits earned by them are taken by the owners and not divided amongst the shareholders. However, they may not have access to large amounts of capital which publicly owned companies can generate from issuing shares. Publicly owned companies also have the advantage of limited indebtedness in case the business fails or the company hits the ground regarding the investments made by the company.The primary citation of capital for privately owned businesses are investors such as venture capital companies, individual investors and banks which cut into out loans to privately owned co mpany. For companies under a partnership, several individuals may bring their assets together and manipulation that as a capital base for the company. The relationship between a business and its investors may be defined by ownership where the profits made by the company are owned by the investors until their liability has been paid up.The two most important factors which must be understood well in the beginning a business is started are the business plans and the value chain which the business seeks to provide to its clients. In the premier(prenominal) instance, the business plan shows investors and company owners the method by which the company plans to make money over a period of time. The value chain shows the process by which the company will deliver a certain(p) value to the customers and how the customers will reward the value given to them with money that can be used by the company. Once these elements are understood, it becomes easy to see if the

Pain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pain - Essay ExamplePain is a sensation which is prompted by the nauseated remains and it can be helpful in diagnosing a health issue. In many instances, it can be described as sharp or dull, prolonged or acute, localized or systemic painful sensation. Without the sensation of pain, a person might be seriously injured or misery without knowing it (Medline Plus, 2011). There are various sources of pain nociceptive and neuropathic pain. In nociceptive pain, the nervous system is working well and the body tells the sensation that at that place is a source of pain, such as an lesion or a cut in neuropathic pain, the nervous system is not working properly because there may be no apparent source of pain, but the body is still telling the brain that an injury is present (Helm and Shiel, 2011). In terms of length of time that pain is experienced, pain may be considered acute or chronic. Acute pain may be related to trauma or injuring agents the like biological, physical, and psychol ogical agents. It may be sudden or slow in onset and be temperate or severe in intensity with duration of less than 6 months. The patient may verbally report pain sensation and manifest with observed symptoms of pain, including protective gestures to avoid pain, changes in muscle tone, restlessness, moaning, crying, and pique (Nurse Blog, 2009). Chronic pain is known to represent the disease itself. It may be environmental or psychological may persist over a long period of time and be resistant to aesculapian treatments (Medicine.net, 2011). Interventions for pain relief include anticipate the need for pain relief respond immediately to pain complaint eliminate additional stressors or sources of discomfort provide rest periods for sleep and relaxation delineate pain relief with the assistance of doctors though NSAIDS, opiates, and local anesthetic agents. Apply non-pharmacologic pain relief strategies, including point imagery, distraction techniques, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback (Nursing Care, 2010). It is also important to coordinate with the physicians for the relief of chronic and severe pain.

Economic Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Law - Essay ExampleThe boldness of binding dispute settlement dodging by WTO in 1995 was one of its most plausible achievements. It was unquestionable from GAAT model of settling disputes, the rules and procedures governing (DSU) understanding is that it contains developments that has led to change from a corpse based on economic power and politics to one based on rule of law (World Bank meeting 1994). The outcome was more legality of the WTO that has been praised as benefiting specific solelyy smaller countries, of which many argon developing countries and least-developed countries. The transmit is specifically beneficial for smaller countries, as without the rules and procedures of the DSU... they would not have the necessary bargaining power loveseat the larger powers. Similarly, Weiler notes the advantages of the legalised WTO model, especially for the meek economically and politically unequal. International agreements are not any useful if the rules stipulated ca nnot be complied with especially if the parties that are signatories to these agreements can not comply with the obligations as stipulated. An efficient and effective way of settling disputes often increase the members that are signatory to certain agreements commitments to complying and committing to those rules. Members of WTO established current dispute settlement system thus during the Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations shows their commitment to compliance by all Members with their obligations under the WTO sympathy. every(prenominal) members should and have to comply with these regulations as stipulated in writing. It is very important to settle disputes in time and by means of a structured manner (World Bank Group 1994). It helps to prevent the detrimental effects of unresolved international trade conflicts and to mitigate the imbalances between stronger and weaker players by having their disputes settled on the basis of rules rather than having power realiz e the outcome. Most people consider the WTO dispute settlement system to be one of the major results of the Uruguay staff (World Bank Group 1994). After the entry into force of the WTO intellect in 1995, the dispute settlement system soon gained practical importance as Members frequently resorted to using this system. The details of the WTO proportionateness have all the certain multilateral agreements. This is to say that, the WTO Agreement contains all agreements that have been considered in the Uruguay Round. References in this guide to the WTO Agreement in general, therefore, include the totality of these rules. However, the WTO Agreement itself, if taken in isolation from its annexes, is a short Agreement containing 16Articles that set out the institutional framework of the (WTO) as an international organization (Shaffer and Melendez-Ortiz 2010). Specific references to the WTO Agreement (e.g. Article XVI of the WTO Agreement) relate to these rules. World Bank reduces poverty in most countries in world by providing technical and financial help, ensures that people are able to generate their own incomes. They move quickly to the situation which affects any countries negatively. In addition World Bank help in upward(a) health facilities and education especially in developing countries, this increases the leaving standard of the people. It assists in providing food to countries which are facing shortage of foods or high increase in food prices. World bank capture growth in the future by investing in

INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION (700 words) Managing Groups and Teams Essay

INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION (700 words) Managing Groups and Teams - rise ExampleThere was a feeling that some people in the base always upbeat at the expense of others. Such sentiments had been gained after watching movies where in most cases those who did not put some(prenominal) effort benefited the most, while the hard working people got a small share of the reward. However, hard work, as companys is advantageous than working individually. This is because it is contingent knowing much through the discussions forums.Group activities have made it possible for me to change the bad attitude towards group work. It was learned that working as groups can be sometimes motivational to members. The greatest lesson learned through the group work was that police squadwork involves synchronizing aptitudes, attributes, and positions. The same sentiments are divided by Cardona and Wilkinson If people use their aptitudes and position in an isolated way without taking other team members aptitude and positions into account, they are not working as a team. Rather, they are working on their stimulate company (Cardona and Wilkinson, 2006, p. 3). In the group, members were motivated by encouraging them to do the research and were given assistance in cases of difficulties. Gradually, each others weakness were learned and eventually, it was possible to work on the weak points accordingly making the weak group members strong.During the group work, various challenges were encountered. One of the challenges was that the group had not met before with the sojourn of the group members. This made the initial stages difficult. However, as time progressed, they understood each others weaknesses group. The group work became easy for them and even enjoyed participation. Additionally, there was the intellectual challenge, which involved understanding the behaviors and characteristics of group members. This mainly occurred during group discussions. It became evident that some members had a difficult time in settling for a good answer with other group members. Most notably, there was a

In light of recent and current economic events, discuss the impact of Essay

In cast down of recent and current economic events, discuss the impact of changing market conditions on the behaviour of firms and consumers - try step up ExampleIn particular, it seeks to illustrate how firms and consumers are affected by these changes in market conditions.The old rules in doing business are different from the rules that are applied in the recent times. In spite of anxious competition in many industries, markets have become open to new entrants due to the lessening of barriers, which use to impede free trade in the once confined and protected markets (Wangwe, 1995). According to Albrecht & Sack (2000, p. 5), in that respect are three major developments that have paved the way to the transformation of the business environment. These developments point out to applied science, globalization, and power that is vested to some market investors, who hold the majority of the shares in large companies.Technology advancements resulted in a dramatic transformation of com munication and culture. Technology has connected the seven continents, which has made transactions simpler and faster in the business environment. Information preparation and dissemination are right off made economical by technology that diminished the traditional constraints of communication (Albrecht & Sack, 2000, p. 5). Globalization, on the one hand, enabled the consolidation of the different worldwide markets into one wide marketplace (Albrecht & Sack, 2000). The global market is dominated by big companies that give rise to globalization and arouse stiff competition.The third development is connected with the two aforementioned developments. Powerful multinational companies are now considered powerful because of how they have conquered many industries due to their advanced technology and extensive participation in globalization.The chart above shows changing market conditions in three markets. Three hypothetical markets were pointed out in the graph. The emergent of demand that results in the rising of price and quantity is shown in market A. The rising of supply that results in the rising of quantity and lowering of price is shown in market B.

Evaluate leadership as practiced in the life of Jesus Christ in the Essay

Evaluate leadership as practiced in the life of Jesus Christ in the light of 21st century background - Essay ExampleThe paper will touch on Jesus ministry and its application in forward-looking church leadership. The analysis will draw its facts mainly from the Gospels.From the start of his ministry, Jesus set out to wise man leaders that would lead the early(a) church. He selected twelve disciples with different skills, talents, passions and personalities and mentored them to become a team. He taught them to employ their varied strengths in order to support each other in the ministry. Christ shaped a leadership structure with a leader who had others supporting him.By the time he ascended to Heaven, he had strengthened a leadership structure comprising Peter as the Head and the other disciples supporting him in a united team that worked together. This team of early church leaders had a unity of purpose to circularise the Gospel to all nations. They went out preaching and in the ir deeds complimented each others works. From this early structure, the modern church can draw lessons on how to structure its leadership to attain better results in ministering the Gospel.Traditionally, the church used the hierarchy model of leadership. However, with the growth of the church, there have been changes that have necessitated a pillowcase to an appoint team model of leadership. Many leaders have found they overwhelmed and overworked under the hierarchy model. With the empowered team model, the problem is solved as the leaders work with others in a team. This model emphasizes mentorship of bare-ass leaders and the development of a team spirit among the leaders to enhance good working dealing to boost delivery of the vision of the church. Empowerment means that leaders drop bureaucratic structures so that bulk develop a sense of ownership and belonging in the leadership process. It enables them put into use their skills, experiences, energies and ambitions. restles s participation by the different members of the team will make them accept the responsibilities that come with the leadership (Maxwell, 2005, p.

GSA Wants You Federal Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GSA Wants You Federal Contracts - Essay ExampleThe system uses the most recent digital corroboration technology to allow for electronic signatures and cater for data integrity. Advantages of Electronic over Classic paper Solicitations 1. data security The electronic process en veritables that the devices are submit exactly as the contractors write them without unnecessary pass of knowledge. It also ensures that the proposals are delivered directly to the responsible personnel without being passed through other parties. This eliminates the possibility of rewrite of the content or loss of the proposals in the process of transportation (Brian, 2003). Unlike the paper process, which is subject to m all-party manipulation indeed providing opportunities for malicious altering of data, data security is assured. Paper process entails impairing with the interactive environment since the mean training from the original source may not go the intended personnel. 2. Ease of Applying The re is software program that enables one to complete these proposals easily with tools providing hint on what is required from the proposal. This helps one to provide the necessary information without much struggle. The software also helps one to look for errors easily and correct them in order to forwards an understandable proposal. This is because the proposal must entail clear information and hence the process becomes easier since there is no room for assumptions. To some ambiguous phrases, it is essential that drafting of all the work is done and typed manually to earn ease for one to detect any errors especially when the proposal is not using a effectual software. In addition, there is high possibility of leaving important information since the whole process is imagined (Safari Books, 2009). This would whizz to impaired communication since the solicitation while have to be returned for completion of the required information and miniature of some ambiguous phrases. 3. Fast De livery The submitting of the proposals is done online hence it takes very little time for the proposals to finish off the targeted destinations after they have been submitted. This ensures fast interaction between the contractor and the prospective contractors hence leading to faster decision making process unlike the classic paper solicitations which have to be submitted manually hence taking a lot of time to communicate. 4. Ease of reviewing After the proposals have been sent to the GSA, it may be returned for correction or clarification on matters concerning responsibility, responsiveness, scope, subcontracting plan or pricing analysis. After the proposal is reviewed and in some cases returned, the electronic system offers an easy way for editing and adding the relevant information. Editing the original proposal is easier than the paper process whereby the whole document has to be retyped in order to allow addition of information and also printed again for resubmission. 5. Econ omical Compared to the paper process, the electronic submission is more economical in legal injury of space and funds. This is because it cuts down the printing costs and unnecessary occupation of space for filing documents since the proposals are stored in their computer databases. 6. Duration of Contract There should be negotiations about the period of the contract to make sure that the period allows my company to stabilize. The process must allow the company in its operations and recover from any losses it may have incurred during the

An evaluation of contemporary leadership and governance challenges Research Paper - 1

An evaluation of contemporary leadership and governance challenges among universities in Africa - Research Paper fontBy identifying and evaluating the major challenges that face leaders in African universities, it is possible to provide research ground solutions to these problems, which in turn will enhance effective leadership strategies as the path for increase in these countries. Objectives of the study Main Objectives To evaluate the challenges that are facing the leaders in African Universities in their administrative role. To investigate poor leadership qualities at bottom the administrative bodies of the university. Specific Objectives To identify, through data collection, the major challenges that leaders in African Universities have to confront in their day to day duties. To identify weaknesses that exist within the university leadership and governance that has contributed to the problem of poor leadership. To analyse the results of the survey in to establish the commo n leadership problems among the African universities. To recommend possible solutions to the problems that are threatening leadership and governance in African Universities. ... knowledge base countries and the path to rise to international heights has become rough, making these countries remain stagnated in terms of suppuration and development. This has generated a lot of attention among umteen researchers to investigate the barriers that have kept the pace of growth in these countries slow and unyielding (Task Force on Higher Education and Society, 2000). A research by Petlane (2009) indicated that iodine of the major challenges in these countries is the poor leadership and governance in this country that has failed to drive the country to stinting success. The findings of this research have triggered significant research to investigate the challenges that University leaders have faced in implementing development goals in the country. A recent research conducted by Kuada (2010 ) was meant to investigate on the knowledge gaps that exist within African leaders that have undermined the development of third world countries. The findings of this research indicate that the weakness of African leaders emanates from the shortage of development skills and knowledge that exist within them. Other researchers have identified the requisite shortage of technological knowledge among the leaders which is a necessity in a technologically suppuration environment. Previous research by Hall and Symes (2005) provided that the only way to enhance development in African countries is by maintaining effective leadership in tertiary institutions and impacting leadership mentorship in upcoming professionals. Although researchers have reached a concession that the reason why African countries have failed to shine in the global scope is because of the many challenges that confront leaders in these countries, researchers have failed to identify the specific challenges that face lead ers especially

Current Therapy Trends for Specific Phobias and Their Long-term Essay

period Therapy Trends for unique(predicate) Phobias and Their Long-term Effectiveness - Essay ExampleA simple phobia, which was earlier known as simple phobia is thus a lingering and unreasonable veneration that is caused by the presence or thought of a specific object or situation that normally poses little or no real danger. Faced by much(prenominal) an object or situation the response is an immediate reaction that causes the individual to feel imp interchangeable anxiety that. The consequence is that the individual avoids the specific object or situation. The severe distress caused to the individual interferes with the ability of the individual to function normally. Though adults with specific phobia recognize and learn that the fear they feel is excessive or not given to reason, they find themselves unable to everywherecome such(prenominal) fears ( particular Phobias).Persistent fear of a circumscribed stimulus (object or situation), other than fear of having a consterna tion attack (as in panic disorder) or of humiliation, or embarrassment in certain social situations (as in social phobia).The fear or associated avoidance behavior significantly interferes with the persons normal social function or with usual social activities or relationships with others, or there is marked distress about having the fear.Specific phobias are of different types and are classified based on the object or situation that causes it. Specific phobias include animal phobias like fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice situational phobias like flying, riding a car, driving, going over bridges or tunnels, or of being in an enclosed space natural environment phobias like fear of storms, heights, or water blood-injection-injury phobias like, fear of seeing blood or of invasive medical procedures, such as blood tests or injections, or fear of being injured other phobias like fear of falling down, fear of loud sounds, or fear of costumed characters, such as clowns. An individual could be affected by one or more specific phobias (Specific Phobias). The U.S.

The causes of the increase in turnover at the Roanoke branch of Assignment

The causes of the increase in turnover at the Roanoke branch of phoenix Advertising - Assignment ExampleThe first method used to determine this was through informal person-to-person sessions with staff from various levels in the company. I had confrontations with the Graphics and the Design teams interviews were conducted and group discussions were held with various staff members so that individually as well as collectively their thoughts could be heard. This was to discover employee satisfaction and morale. These sessions were designed to pull in how the employees see the company, understand its values and picture themselves fitting into the overall scheme of things. They were encouraged to share how the data flowed from each department to the next and whether there were any gaps. A short survey was also conducted.The mho assessment was regarding customers. All the frontline staff including account managers and department heads, was brought together in a group meeting on custo mer service. They were asked how they served the clients, what the service process was like and what kind of hindrances they faced in their work. Everyone was collectively asked to coiffe what they think of it.

Distinguish between inculpatory and exculpatory evidence. What is the Essay

delineate between inculpatory and exculpatory evidence. What is the significance of each Include APA formatted in-text citations to document any sources quoted or paraphrased - shew ExampleThe knife can therefore be described as inculpatory evidence against the reality (Sperry, 2006).Conversely, exculpatory evidence is evidence that favors the defendant in a criminal lawsuit (Sperry, 2006). It tends to absolve the defendant of any guilt that the case had placed on him or her. It is the direct opposite of the inculpatory fiber of evidence which tends to enhance the guilt of the defendant in a criminal case (Sperry, 2006). Many countries nearly the globe such as the United States of America, enforce policies that restrains the prosecutors in their courts from disclosing any of this type of evidence. This evidence is scarce released when the defendant in a criminal lawsuit makes a claim of being guilty or not being guilty (Sperry, 2006). A good example of such evidence exists whe re a witnesser comes up in a criminal lawsuit and absolves the accused person of all the blame in

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations EssayHow does Charles two bring on effective images of people and places in chapters 1 and 8 of Great Expectations? Great Expectations is a novel that is recognize as a classic. This particular Charles Dickens enchanting tale is based on the life of a young boy in the Victorian times named murder. He is both the main character and narrator of the novel. In the chapters one and eight we meet Pip as well as his older child and his sisters husband Joe. We as well meet Magwitch an escaped convict. These characters are representing the impose class of the Victorian society.I desire this novel is about the fact lower class people may find it harder to push boundaries and progress to big thing. Dickens, I think, is trying to show just how wrong this is that people with lower social emplacement are expected to stay lower class. Other Characters we meet in the novel are Estella the fair young adopted daughter of Mrs Havisham an eccentric, and possibly a qui te mad but importantly well-fixed old woman. I think it is no coincidence that Dickens shows these two upper class figures to be bitter and not accepting and at times quite stubborn.This highlights the idea that Victorian society is socially rigid. It is not based on who or what you are but instead about your heritage and your riches. Dickens uses this novel to demonstrate that people lower class are more than capable to easily expansion slot into the life of riches and perhaps too easily. So the opening chapter starts with Pip he is in the emergence of analysing his parents and brothers rotundstones in desperation for any knowledge of his heritage. This sense of desperation allows the reviewers to feel pity towards Pip.This is a peachy example of how effortlessly Dickens is able to control the emotions of his audience. Also the fact pip was visiting the grave alone may show how lonely Pip is without his parents and he may almost feel see red towards them for abandoning him wi th his rather unfeeling and regiment sister. She was often inclined to beat him regularly. Dickens starts by describing the graveyard as a dark flat wilderness. This allows the reader to point an image of a quite scary stern place and perhaps quite in faint-heartedating.Dickens then quickly moves on to describe Pip as a small bundle of shivers. This again allows the reader to point an image but this time of a minute vulnerable child possibly quite haunted at the situation. This course sees to exaggerate the timid Pip allows the feelings of sorrow towards him to increase. Dickens then introduces us to quite threatening Magwitch who opening words were prolong still, you little devil or Ill cut your throat. This instantly makes the reader assume he is heartrending and threatening.As Pip explains he had a great iron on his leg it becomes quite go past he is a convict. This begins to make reader worry for Pip because we are not enlightened as to why he is a criminal. As Magwitch threatens Pip he takes it extremely seriously this helps to enhance terzetto important characteristics of Pip the first that he is extremely scared shows he is very vulnerable and the chip is the fact that he replies sir shows he has been brought up with manners. This again contradicts negative views of lower class people in Victorian times.Also the fact he worked out this man could possibly be dangerous showed Pip to be sharp and quick to react. Certain phrases like Who dye live with makes it clear that Magwitch is from a lower class background. Although after this negativity the reader cannot help but feel pity towards Magwitch and this because you can gauge how difficult it must have been. Dickens shows this in such lines as A man with no hat, and broken shoes. This is Dickens demonstrating his use of interpretation to encourage emotions and reactions.The first chapter is set in a stark(a) church yard near the marsh land. Dickens descriptions such as This bleak place overg row and raw afternoon towards evening contribute to the ever growing dark and oppressive atmosphere. This kind of description also help to redeem the understandably scared Pip but they almost make him seem more pathetic and helpless. If for example Dickens had decided to set the scene in a loving grave yard on a sunny day it would withdraw the sense of suspense amongst readers.Satis nursing home is introduced to us in chapter 8 as well as the characters Estella and Mrs Havisham. Estella explains to Pip that Satis means enough this was because the spring of the house assumed whoever had this house would be satisfied and need nothing more. This extra information seems to contrast the first impression given to be by Pip where he is describing it as old brick and dismal. This allows the reader to ask questions about why such a great house now appears to be in ruins.The description of Satis house continues in this manner. He also mentions windows were barred and cemented. This makes t he house seem daunting. Dickens also makes you acknowledge the houses former glory by saying there were no pigeons in the dove cot, no horses in the stable, no pigs in the sty, no mat in the stone house, no smells of grains and beer in the slob vat. However this line also illustrates how far from it is former glory. This leaves the reader to assume the owner has given up.

Sandwich Blitz Essay Example for Free

Sandwich Blitz experimentDalman and Lei are dealing with a problem regarding their technologic advancements. Dalman and Lei are dealing with pressure to arrogate this new engine room and carry through it in a very short pith of time. With an increase in guests leaving unhappy with the service they received. Their employees are unable to properly fulfill all of the orders coming in which, in turn is reflecting damagingly on the Sandwich Blitz. The errors that are being made will lastly roughen their reputation, along with the possibility of having to shut down the business. Customers have become to expect certain customer quality product and an overall good customer experience. This is what the Sandwich Blitz based their business axiom on, without it customers will no longer choose to visit the Sandwich Blitz. The other situation of concern is the amount of support that Dalman and Lei need from the managers. In any business communication plays a hug prehistoric in the suc cess of the business, but with the success of the new e-customer order system.Without effective communication between subvert and upper management, customer service tapers, and the technology team the new e-customer order system will not work and the Sandwich Blitz could very well fail. The following is the E-mail that Dalman and Lei should send to the managers regarding the requisite and to prepare them for the technology advancement Management Team, Here at the Sandwich Blitz, Inc. we are dealing with a number of problems at our locations. We have taken a look at the feedback, and a lot of it is negative receiving.We are fully aware of the huge amount of orders being placed and it is affecting every ones work environment. Since we live in the technology age, and have not even begun to invest into the resources that this era has to offer. We have discrete that it is time to take the plunge into the technology era. After significant amount of consideration, we have decided to imp lement into all sandwich blitz location a new e-customer order input system. With this new technology we will then have better customer satisfaction, bring efficiency to our team and will alike relieve a great deal of stress that is currently present in our locations.

Public education vs. home school Essay Example for Free

Public education vs. berth initiate EssayDeciding which is better between public education and home culture may a good deal cause a debate. There argon similarities between them, such as both being a good source of education for school-age childs. However, in that location are a few differences. For instance, home schooled savants may potassium alum earlier than public schooled students while public school has more to offer. Even though home schooling has an profit, public education is a better educational experience because of the opportunity, social skill development, and the things a student crapper see from being in a class sizing of more than one. While home school may give a student the opportunity to graduate early, public schooling offers some more memories and opportunities that the students will cherish. When attending public school, students are given the opportunity to earn scholarships to help them still their education and continue reverseing on the ir talents, depending on which way they earn their scholarship.They are given several(predicate) ways to earn them such as playing sports, get alongting good grades, and being involved in musical activities. A student attending public school gets a chance to make priceless memories that they cannot get bear. The ways that they can earn scholarships also play a part in creating memories. It is departure to be a great feeling to be commensurate to look back and tell stories to their love ones. They will want to share how they got trophies and so much school recognition when they were the starting quarterback or the number one batter on the softball team or even the drum study for the high school band. Students also cannot get letterman jackets being homeschooled while the students in public school is adequate to(p) to get their name and their accomplishment patches on their very avouch letterman jacket. Each year, students are given a yearbook to look back at pictures they too k with their friends and the group activities in which they were involved.There is nothing better than transporting back to the younger days while flipping back through the yearbook as an adult. Also, a certain flake of jewelry can put a smile on the face of an adult as they reminisce. Having a class ring as a souvenir is such a wonderful treasure. Graduating is such a significant accomplishment and students are going to want these memories and something to show for their achievements. Some students do not remember having a diploma is not enough. It does not get better than having a class ring to go along with scholarships, letterman jackets, yearbooks, and the cap and gown. When students attend public school, they are learninglife lessons, and while they do not realize it, it pays off in the future. Knowing how to be nearly all kinds of different spate on the mundane basis is very beneficial to the students as they develop. Students that are home schooled are not around unfami liar people, such as new students, new teachers, others that are different from them, and substitutes on a daily basis and this can affect them socially.There will be students that do not get along and students that have to work in groups who may not be too fond of each other, tho being in public school will help those students learn how to cope with uncomfortable situations. In the outside world and the future workplace, there will be similar situations, and they will be able to apply the skills that they learned in school to these situations. Having social skills is not just about having friends, it is about learned how to discourse to anybody the proper way at any given metre. Having good social skills and learned how to speak is going to follow the students in their futures. For example, when they go apply for a job, and they are offered an interview right on the spot, they need to know what to say and how to say it. Home schooled students are limited while public schooled students are benefiting quite well from this daily, making public school the better place for students to get an education.A haulage of people might say that having a class size of one will help the student learn better and more than the students in a classroom of an average of about twenty-eight people. However, there are a few things that the students can learn from being in a class size of more than one. Patience is one of them. In a class size of one, students are only employ to being by themselves and being answered right on the spot. In classrooms of more than one, on the other hand, the students learn patience when they have to wait for their turn. They also learn how to be patient with other students. Not knowing how to be patient can create a sense of selfishness which can give them somewhat of a bad image in the real world. The students also learn how to work in groups with different people that carry different attitudes and personalities. Patience and good social skills can help get through a group project. When working in groups, it can be difficult, especially when every student of the group has their own ideas and do not know how to handle the situation in a cordial manner.The work has to get done, and them knowing how to work together is going to go a very long way. There may be a time when a student meets someone in public thatcould give them a big opportunity. A student that knows how to speak in a professional tone instead of being shy will have a good chance of getting the chance to take advantage of that opportunity. Public school will teach more lessons than home school giving the students an advantage when it is time to handle different situations in life. Having a class size of one is okay. However, students need to learn how to work around and with others and still get their work done. Students will appreciate the memories they can create and other opportunities that they can earn from getting a public education. The educational exper ience is more than just learning the schools curriculum. macrocosm home schooled can teach a student the curriculum along with basic things that they would learn at home while public education can teach more than just that such as life lessons that they will need in the future.

Comparison and Contrast between the UN and the WTO Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Contrast between the UN and the WTO EssayThe unite Nations is an external organization that acts as a pool between 191 portion countries in the world. The UN was founded in 1945 with the documental of preventing the conflict between piece countries. However, in the past 60 years, its responsibilities have increased manifold and instanter it has develop the most important organization in the world that has authority over almost any(prenominal) countries in the world. The world Trade Organization is a multilateral organization that sets the rules and regulation for the global job system. It similarly suffices disputes between the fraction countries.It is the most effectual organization in global business and trade. The WTO was founded in 1995 after several rounds of negotiations that lasted for decades. Although both the unify Nations and WTO work for the benefit of their member countries, their functions and operations are rather different. Structure of the UN and the WTO The United Nations is divided into several administrative bodies including the UN General conference, UN Security Council and the UN scotch and Social Council. at that place are to a fault several other(a) organs of the UN that work for the benefit of people across the globe.The UN deposit General is the head of the Secretariat, which is one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The UN Security Council is the most powerful system within the UN. It has five permanent members and 10 non-permanent members . Representatives from all member countries of the UN meet in the UN General group and discuss important issues. The structure of the WTO is completely different from that of the United Nations. Currently, there are 150 member countries in the WTO. There are different levels in the WTO structure. Ministerial Conference is the highest decision making personate within the WTO.It can make decisions on all trade-related matters. The General Council is a nonher level organ of the WTO, which carries taboo the functions of the WTO on a regular basis . Missions and Objectives The main objective of the UN is to ensure peace in the world. It likewise keeps a tab on issues such as health, economy, security, population growth, unemployment, disarmament, human rights and social maturation. The UN General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and other important bodies of the UN cooperate with each(prenominal) other to provide assistance to the member countries on the issues that need special attention .When an issue is considered very important, the General Assembly has the power to convene an international conference to draw global attention to it. The UN also works for sustainable development and invests in rudimentary education, health care and economic opportunities for all. The WTO aims to increase international trade by promoting lower trade barriers. It also provides a platform for the negotiation of trade and business development. The WTO sincerely works to steady down disputes between member countries. The main objective of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers.It also ensures a competitive trading system that accommodates more(prenominal) developing countries and gives them more time to adjust with others . Financial Resources The United Nations is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The UN General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member country. The United States is the largest contributor to the UN. The WTO is also financed by its member countries. Besides the member countries, many non-government organizations are also involved in generating funds for the WTO. TransparencyThe United Nations is not a mere governing institution. It is a forum where sovereign nations gather to discuss their differences and resolve them amicably. In the recent years, several reform initiatives hav e been taken in order to make the UN more transparent and accountable. The governing power of the United Nations has been expanded by squeezing out most of its inefficiency. The WTO allows all member nations to hold discussion on all concerns related to trade and business. It also focuses on non-trade concerns such as gender issues, employment, health, food security, ecology and animal welfare.The WTO maintains open principles and cooperates with other international organizations. It also takes the function for protecting vulnerable economies of developing countries against powerful countries in the world . It serves the welfare of all people who indicate to have economic benefits. Conflicts between the two Organizations The Global presence of both the organizations and their operations for the growth and development of countries often result in bigger conflicts. The power invested in the WTO overshadows some of the global institutions of the United Nations.Sometimes, the decision s make by the WTO also over-ride the jurisdiction and mandates of the UN bodies. Ecology and biodiversity are two major areas where both the organizations contradict each other. While the WTO allows free trade and business irrespective of ecological consequences, the United Nations emphasizes on environment, biodiversity and climate diversify by putting certain restrictions on trade and agriculture . Difference on Development publication There are several differences in the approaches of the United Nations and the WTO. That undermined the global progress on development.The standards set by the United Nations in human rights, labor rights and social policies have drawn criticism from the WTO. On the other hand, the UN wants the WTO to concentrate on trade, not on health and other services. The strained relationship between the UN and the WTO has become a major obstacle for economic growth and development . The actions of most countries in the WTO are not consistent with their commi tment to the United Nations. Most of the members of the International Labor Organization (ILO), a UN body, are also members of the WTO.They have differences on several issues including the market policy and labors rights. Conclusion Both the UN and the WTO are the most powerful organizations in the world. Their main objective is to work for the development of the countries in the world. Although their individual exercises are different, they share the same vision. The United Nations is the largest organization in the world and plays much broader role in various fields whereas the WTOs role is limited to trade and business. Both the organizations hold negotiations and discussions between the member countries for the implementation of policies.These organizations provide opportunities to all countries to resolve their disputes and conflicts.BibliographyHoekman, Bernard M. Michel M. Kostecki. The Political Economy of the World Trading System From GATT to WTO. Oxford Oxford Universit y Press, 1995. Murphy, Craig N. Global Institutions, Marginalization and Development. London Routledge, 2005. Condon, Bradly J. NAFTA, WTO, and Global traffic Strategy How Aids, Trade, and Terrorism Affect Our Economic. Westport, CT Quorum Books, 2002.

Human motivation Essay Example for Free

gentleman pauperism Essay achiever is not what we get, success is what we achieve and this success we get from Motivation, whether you argon appearing for final exams, you are a player or a singer or in Army fighting battles in the field, you leave reach the pinnacle of success only if you are motivated. Motivation is your desire and your impulse, which can shed you tell apart the icebergs. The word Motivation was derived from the Latin word moere, meaning to move. (Romando, 2007). There are many theories describing the sympathetics tendency towards motivation but here I am dealing with five theories, which influences and determines the world behavior. egotism tendency possible action gentlemanistic Theory Instinct Theory Cognitive conjecture Need Theory Every human being demand motivation to grow, which he attains from several sources like his own self - heartyization, listening to music, nature, Society etc. The influence of Society motivates the psyche towa rds actualization of their goals and allows them to make decisions. The self-determination theory has been into practice since last three decades and constitutes set of four mini theories, cognitive evaluation theory, organismic consolidation theory, Causality orientations theory and basic take theory.(Faculty at the University of Rochester, 2007). As Shapiro in 1981 said, The key issue for self-direction, is tractability in psychological structures-the flexibility that allows ones attitudes to direct action towards the active achievements of ones aims. (Deci, M Ryan, 1985) self-importance Determination theory deals with the extent to which the knowledgeable tendencies of existence impel them for psychological growth and development, take about challenging line of works and integrate their life experiences for their satisfaction and fulfillment of their self.Although, these are natural tendencies, which determine and motivate universe but are only fulfilled by influence and support of the social environment. It is the society, which provides an individual rosy-cheeked environment, nutrients and basic psychological reads enabling him or her to think and make choice independently and rationally. (Beck, 2003) Self- Determination permits the person to positively involve taking chances and incorporating in the social fabric of society. Especially for the persons with disabilities, self-determination acts as a medicine boosting their self-esteem.(Faculty at the University of Rochester, 2007) Another aspect to this theory is the value of risk taking. The self situated humans are also not devoid of risks too, their over confidence can take them on the downward slide of career path. External coercion, without giving independent thought too whitethorn continue humans psychologically and mentally. Humans also go by their thought to accomplish a task or to move ahead in the journey of their life. Sigmand Freud and William James brought forth the instinct th eory to stop the intricate nature of human beings. The inclination of humans to act and think emerges out from their soul.Their decision comes what their inner perception and inner self directs him to, for e. g. all the tastes and preferences of the humans come from their inner voice, which directs and helps the person to make choice. Scientists and Researchers generate not yet come into any concrete evidence to support the instinct theory, yet it is true. Human beings going by the instinct avoids considering the cost of risk they might be subjected to. People neither make calculated move nor consider pros and cons rather they just jump into action what their inner instinct tells them too, which whitethorn not come out to be true.The value of risk taking is very high to the persons who are motivated by the inner instinct and its best example is death instinct theory propounded by Freud in 1920, whereby he stated that humans with their instinct go to the extent of loosing their wi ll to survive. correspond to Freud, humans have two instincts one is life-favoring instinct Eros, which in Greek pith love and other instinct is Thanatos, which in Greek means death. It clearly shows that instinct theory is also risky. (Kastenbaum, 2007). If someone believes that Perception is everything, this means that he is cognitivist.(Heffner, 2004) Perception means to reorganize what the grits perceive into possibleity. Your thoughts are your determining factor to take practical decisions and mould your emotions, behaviors and your whole personality. Cognitive theory depends on this perception. The theory states that by changing the thoughts, a person can change the moods, reduce tensions and anxiety and can develop good relationships. But thoughts can be deceptive too, and as said by Leon Festinger in 1957, There are always conflicts and discrepancies among thoughts and actions or between belief and actions and we will act to resolve conflict and discrepancies.(Huitt, 2 001) The value of risk is imbalance between our thoughts and actions for e. g. persons thoughts would pronounce that smoking is detrimental to health, still he smokes this means he is conflict with himself. Every human being is born with his own personality and grows with his personality and has certain needs to be fulfilled, which motivates them towards the self-realization of their goals and for over all growth and development. The theory, which revealed this very perplexing nature, so intricately woven in humans is cognise by researchers and psychologists as Humanistic theory.Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) who came out with this theory too states that, All human beings has Hierarchy of needs to fulfill before becoming a self-actualized, fully able person. (Mercury, 1999). Even Carl Rogers (1902-1987) echoed the views of Maslow and further stated that for development, a person requires an environment, which can give him ample scope for self-disclosure, recognition and understanding a nd without these even the flushed human being will fade, just like a tree which cannot grow without sunlight and water.The risk is as Rogers says people may face anxiety when they face the real situation, which can be contradictory. According to Critics, The humanistic theories are very optimistic, vague and are unscientific. (Mercury, 1999). Among all the theories, the most determining factor for the human beings are their needs, and the priority that humans show on their needs motivate them to lead their fruitful life. Maslow came up with a Hierarchy model on the basis of needs theory. These needs are psychological needs, rubber eraser needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs, according to this hierarchy.(Huitt, 2001) Once one need is fulfilled, it will lead to another need. But according to the critics this theory has several drawbacks. One person can have several needs at the same time, and can over lap. It is not necessary that fulfillment of one needs may actually motivate a person, as it is a human tendency that fulfillment of one need instigates the person to pursue in the quest for the acquirement of another need, and in this pursuit many persons may resort to anti-social activities harming the society.All theories came out with the one basic fact that it is the individual himself only, who in true sense is a force behind his own success and failure. All motivation comes from within individual himself, which is real essence of human motivation.WORKS CITED Becks Robert, (2003), Motivation Theories and Principles (5th edition), Prentice Hall. Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, (1985), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior, Springer, Inspirational. Richard Romando, Motivation Theory, Enzyne Articles, http//ezinearticles.com/?Motivation-Theoryid=410700 Faculty at the University of Rochester (Last Updated 2007) Self Determination Theory An Approach to Human Motivation and Personality. Retrieved June 30, 2007 f rom W. W. W http//www. psych. rochester. edu/SDT/theory. html Heffner L. C. (Last Updated 2004). I think therefore I have a Personality. In Cognitive Theory. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W http//allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/cognitive. html Huitt, W. (2001). Motivation to learn An overview.Educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W http//chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate. html Kastenbaum Robert (Updated 2007) Death Instinct. Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved June 30,2007 from W. W. W http//www. deathreference. com/Da-Em/Death-Instinct. html Mercury M. F. (1999) Humanistic Theory. bbc. co. uk The Guide to Life, The innovation and Everything. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W http//www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2/A147151.

Dynamic system development methodology Essay Example for Free

Dynamic placement education methodology EssayVarious industries handled discipline and discipline manually until 1960 when the first softw ar excogitatement methodology was hinted. Softw ar breeding methodologies are key steps in development of nurture musical arrangement. Different methodologies pay different requirements in terms of cost, time frame, expert requirement, size of the business, maintenance cost, and flexibility in font of changes in the future among others. Therefore, organizations evaluate each methodology in order to come up with the some effect one for their information scheme development. Software methodology involves a structural framework to throw and manage the procedurees that are involved in development of information system.Prototyping and dynamic system methodology pull up s conveys be critically evaluated to understand the role of computer software package package methodologies in information system development.Dynamic system de velopment methodology The method ensures frequent delivery of information system in businesses. The methodology is nominate be reversed during development in case of errors, and the requirement is based on high aim and integrated testing throughout lifecycle, which allows collaboration and cooperation between all stakeholders ( link of Modern Technologies, 2014 Software Development Methodologies) convention 2 Baguio central University,2011. Dynamic System Development Methodology Critical evaluation Since this methodology involves determination users and teamwork decision, it forms the exceed choice for information system development. Future changes digest be accommodated since changes are reversible. This methodology follows PRINCE judgment since it start with initiation of a project and conclude with crossing of the project.Prototype methodology In this methodology, fractional software is created, which differs with the final product (software development and e ngineering, 2012 n.p.). The methodology makes it possible to evaluate the software during the development process and design before it gets to the final step. The software can also be tried before integration in an organization. This method allows involvement of the users and evaluation during designing phase and thus increasing the likely punk rocker of easier implementation in any organization.Critical evaluation In this methodology, users, builder and system interaction are mandatory. It requires expertise for both builders and difference-users. With this model, time and cost are decreased compared to traditional method, which becomes a major retainer when developing information system. This methodology is applied mostly in situations there is risk uncertainty. This methodology is best applied in managerial systems, as its main objective is planning, direction, controlling and decision-making. This forms one of the choices for information system since users can be able to d o a value analysis and investment can be made at relative increments. Prince plays an significant role in information system development since it establishes the management, control, and practical application of the appropriate software for information system. It bears more insight about the software real and provides authenticity of the software, which is important in making information system decisions.Question 2 correspond to (Bantra et al, (2010 p 383) agile methodology is based on various values such asIndividual and interaction over processes and tools, on the job(p) software under comprehensive documentation,Customer or end user collaboration over a contract negotiation the andResponding to changes over following a plan The agile methodology builds flexible information systems that can be upgraded or changes in future (Rao, Naidu, Chakka, 2011 p. 42). For example, if an organization wants to expand its system, it can build its juvenile information system on th e existing system. Hence, the methodology is adopted where future changes in the information system are expected. Time aspect makes this memory access cost utile. The methodology involves the end users at every microscope stage making software development process effective and accurate (Aitken Ilango 2013 4758). In addition, the process is fast and in effect(p) thus ensuring that the information system development easy and economical. The traditional methodologies are fixed and do non allow future changes (Aitken Ilango 2013 p. 4756). That means that once the information system is developed using the traditional methodology, it pull up stakes be hard to build a new system using it. The expansions or future changes in the information system require engineers and software developers to start a new system. This is not cost effective for business since they are always in a constant growth and keep on modify their information systems. Thus, agile methodology best suits deve lopment of a flexible information system that can be upgraded easily.Question 3 The Structured systems analysis and design method, (SSADM) is one of the widely used methodologies in computer applications in private and public sectors since its inception in 1981. The methodology operates under three prescript techniques known as logical data, hang data, and event example (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011, p 3). Logical data modelling (LDM) technique involves identification and documentation of the necessary data for business or organization information system. The information that the business wants to record on the information systems is identified and documented for inclusion in software development. Consequently, the data flow modelling (DFM) techniques involves identification, modelling and documentation of how the identified data using LDM technique will flow in the information system. It gives details on how various data will be transformed in the system. Then, event mo delling (EM) technique identifies and documents the sequence of events in DFM. The techniques help the engineers to develop information system that meets the end users need since it allows participation of all the stakeholders. However, inadequate research may result to development of poor information systems, which may be cost to the business. The SSADM uses various tools that are important in development of information system. entropy flow diagram, (DFD) highlights all the data pathways, while other tools such as data dictionary, decision trees and tables give guidelines on data classifications. The tools make operation of the information easier for the end users. Unified modelling delivery, (UML) is a linguistic communication used in software engineering. It helps the developers to create a system using a standardized language that can be understood easily by both the participants and the system. The main techniques and tools used are diagram and language structure s such as class, interactions and activity diagrams (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011, p 4). The main difference between SSADM and UML is that the former interfaces are composed of design dialogue while the latter utilises components and classes of modelled diagrams as interface (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011 p. 24-29). In addition, SSADM uses requirement inventory as the data resources while UML uses modelled stereotype features as data sources.Question 4 Software development approach entails identification the information system issues and making decision of how the issues should be solved and the solution cadaver viable.Waterfall approachesFigure1 Winston W. Royce waterfall approach and its analogous waterfall (Habib, 2013 n.p)Critical evaluation The approach helps to develop software in a top down development consisting of independent steps that are holy sequentially. The engineers are able to evaluate each step independent and develop consecutive phases based on completed ones. The methodology is fast and effective for development of small information systems. However, methodology is not suitable to develop large information system because it is slow and cumbersome. In addition, the approach is costly and a short term. According to Stoica et al, (2013, p. 68) this method requires product definition, clear understanding of requirements and technology, and expertise and the system is short lived.End users approach In this approach, the end user is the focus in the development of the information system. The information system is designed in such a way that it is able to meet the end-users needs. The approach may involve modification of commercial message off-shelf software (COTs).Critical evaluation The approach does not involve formal designing of the information system. The approach does not require documentation of the project. The end user is the main controller of the information system developed from this approach. However, it is not fit for large business and lack of documentation limits future changes of the information system would be very hard. Thus, the approach is not economical especially of growing enterprises. When the size of the project is large, the software development approach is based on the cost or budget limitations, timeframe taken by the approach, and the flexibility of the approach. This is because, the organizations designs information systems that are economical in that they does not affect their profitability and operations. Approaches that are cheap and are execute in a short span of time are preferred to others that are costly and take long time before completionReferenceAitken, A., Ilango, V. 2013. A comparative analysis of traditional software engineering and agile software development. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4751-4760). IEEE.Al-Humaidan, F., Rossiter, B. N. 2011. A Taxonomy and Evaluation for Systems Analysis Methodol ogies in a Workflow Context Structured Systems Analysis formulate Method (SSADM), Unified role model Language (UML), Unified Process, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and Organisation Process Modelling (OPM).Technical Report Series-University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne Computing Science.Baguio central University 2011.Dynamic System Development Methodology.Online. http//www.slideshare.net/mayjoyce89/dynamic-system-development-method.Batra, D., Weidong, X., VanderMeer, D., Dutta, K. 2010.Balancing warm and Structured Development Approaches to successfully Manage Large Distributed Software Projects A Case Study from the Cruise Line Industry. Communications Of The Association For Information Systems, 27 383.Habib M, 2013. Agile software development methodologies and how to apply them. Online Retrieved from http//www.codeproject.com/Articles/604417/Agile-software-development-methodologies-and-how-t.accessedRao, K. N., Naidu, G. K., Chakka, P. 2011. A study of the agile software development methods, applicability and implications in industry.International Journal of Software Engineering and its applications,5,2, 35-45.Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Ghilic-Micu, B. 2013. Software Development Agile vs. Traditional. InformaticaEconomica, 17,4, 64-76.Source document

Womens Political Participation in Afghanistan Essay Example for Free

Wo handss policy-making Participation in Afghanistan EssayAs a global tr demise, rising number of women in governing will indicate that human beings be do progress towards a to a greater extent than humane world-not because women ar necessarily more humane than men, and because any society that categoric eachy excludes half of its members from the process by which it rules itself will be ruled in a way that is less than deary human KathleneIntroductionThe world e veryplace women atomic number 18 seek to break the shackles that bind them ch each(prenominal)enging the unequal distribution of proponent in society. Transforming the existing in classless pattern of sexual urge relationships necessitates leadership in the state, markets and civil society- the key centers of mightiness in the present globalizing economy. It is, therefore, pressing for women to be in the corridors of power and arrive the power to negotiate a better deal for themselves, if they are to i nfluence policy decisions which have an electrical shock upon them. Empowerment of women in all spheres, in particular the semi semi governmental sphere is crucial for their progression and foundation of a gender-equal society. It is central to the achievement of the goals of equality, education and peace. Womens semi governmental authority is premised on three fundamental and non-negotiable principles a) the equality between women and men b) womens rights to self prototype and self determination.(1)In empowerment, the key indeed is power it is power to access, control and make informed choices. jibe to the capital of Indonesia declaration empowerment of women is not only an equity consideration, it was likewise a necessary prepare for sustainable economic and affable development. Involvement of women in the semipolitical arena and in decision-making roles in an principal(prenominal) besidesl for empowerment as comfortably as monitoring standards of political public presentation. (2)The application of the philosophical underpinnings of Jakarta Declaration are necessary ,because in the countries where women have gained near equal representation such as in Scandinavian countries, they have begun to alter the very nature of politics. Women are, however, virtually invisible in the political sphere. The impressions of a distinct worldly concern/political sphere have been used to legitimize the exclusion of women from the public sphere. Under-representation or invisibility of women in decision-making reinforces their deprivation, leading to an unequal distribution of resources, neglect of their interests, involve, perspectives and priorities and no say in policy making.Their voices fall on deaf ears, and as Alida Brill vehemently insists, without our own voices being perceive inside the government arenas and halls of public policy and debate, we are without the right of accountability _ a basic entitlement of those who are governed .(3) To effect uate feminization of politics a small mass of women in the decision-making bodies is yet to emerge. The substantial gains make by the womens movement over the decades, are not adequately reflected in representation of women in positions of power. The 30 percent target of womens representation fixed by the Economic and Social Council is not included in the Inter national Development Targets. (4) The world average of women in legislative bodies continues to be nevertheless 12-13 percent only a few countries have 30 percent or more women in decision-making posts.(5) correspond to the United Nations Division for the advancement of women (UNDAW), Fact sheet on women in government of 1996, the component part of women in both ministerial and sub-ministerial levels ranges from 0 percent (in about 15 countries, to 30 percent in 2 countries. 15 countries had 0 percent of women in governmental positions in 1996, out of which 8 were Arab countries. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) statistics, from 1945 to 1995, the percentage of women MPs worldwide has increases four-fold. Their latest statistics indicate that, in 2000, the world average of women in parliaments (both houses combined) is 13.8 percent. The regional variations, however, are large. The highest percentage of women in parliaments in the Nordic countries at 38.8 percent, followed by Europe (including the Nordic countries) at 16.0 percent, Americas at 15.5 percent, Asia at 15.0, Europe OSCE member countries (excluding the Nordic countries) at 14.1 percent, Sub-Saharan Africa at 11.6 percent, pacific at 8.3 percent and the lowest in the Arab states at 3.3 percent. (6) Among the individual countries Sweden ranks first with 44.7%percent of women in Parliament, followed by Denmark at 39.1%percent and Finland at 36.5 percent.Afghanistan ranks 37 With mere a 27.7% Percent of women in parliament. It is noteworthy that at least(prenominal) 9 states including Kuwait and United Arab Emirates have no women in Parliament. Given this factual mount , there is a need for examining the existing power structures, the extent of womens elaborateness in the political process and suggest measures to increase the critical mass or the member of women in politics, thereby surface the way for transformative politics. The issue is vast and to attempt to compress it within the confines of one paper is akin putting an ocean into a jar. The present paper attempts to identify some of the key issues relating to womens political empowerment, thereby helping to clarify and advance the debate. There are no claims here to produce an staring(a) analysis. The paper, keeping in view editorial guidelines, is structures along the following lines * A review of international actions for womens empowerment * An overview of national efforts* Analyze the challenges faced by women in attaining de facto equality in Afghanistan * Identify forthcoming steps to enhance womens political participationInternatio nal Initiative for womens empowermentThe enquiry of womens political participation is now on the international agenda, and permeating many regional and national plans of action. Much hope has been invested in the United Nations and it has consistently been the engine for keeping the gender issues on political rights of women in 1952.Since 1975 four international conferences on women have been held under its auspices all the conferences have emphasise womens political empowerment as a key concern. (7) The issue of womens political empowerment, objet dart attracting considerable attention earlier, actually came to the forefront of the global debate for womens rights at the time of fourth part World Conference on women held at Beijing in 1995.Henceforth, the issue continued to hold centre-stage of all discussions on gender referee and equality. Womens equal access to, and full participation in decision- making was emphasized in the platform for action, as one of the critical areas of concern.It unequivocally declared, Womens equal participation in political life plays a pivotal role in the general process of the advancement of women. womens equal participation in decision-making is not only a demand for simple justice or democracy but can also be seen as a necessary motive for womens interests to be taken into the account .(8) A detailed set of recommendations were issued therein to all governmental and non-governmental communities, nationally and internationally , to enhance womens political participation and decision-making.it recommended governmental commitment to gender correspondence in all spheres, crystalize of electoral outlines, monitoring and evaluation of progress in womens representation, revamping of ships company structures to remove barriers to womens political participation, incorporation of gender issues and initiatives in the agenda of political parties, affirmative action, produce or strengthen mechanisms to monitor womens access to senior levels of decision-making among some opposite(a)s. (9) it affirmed that women should have at least a 30 percent share of decision-making positions.However, recommendations are exactly that they rarely, if ever, can be enforced with full authority and extent of law. Womens political participation was equally focused upon at the Asia pacific regional NGO Symposium (1999) held in Thailand on the theme Asia Pacific Women 2000 Gender Equality Development and Peace for the twenty-first Century too focused on womens political participation as one of the critical areas of concern recognized in BPFA.It noted the gains but recognized that power structures continue to be reign by men womens representation continues to be low and recommended that timeframes be set and monitors to meet charge quotas on womens representation in politics. Womens Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) has launched a turn on for 50-50, that is, equal representation. This brief review reveals that womens political empowerment is at the centre-stage of all discourse on womens issues at the international level. Corresponding to the international efforts, various initiatives have been/ are being taken for the purpose at the national level too.Women political empowerment in AfghanistanThe status of women in Afghanistan has been of kabbalistic concern since they were stripped of their fundamental rights under Taliban rule. Today, The Asia tail end works to promote opportunities for Afghan girls and women through collaboration with a broad range of local partners, including government agencies and influential non-state actors, including civil society, and tribal and religious leaders. The grounding provides growing support for girls to access education and programs that increase womens economic participation and access to justice. The Foundation is helping build the capacity of the Ministry of Womens Affairs to be an effective advocate for policy reform and provision of r un to women. Although Afghan women still face significant challenges, there have been some remarkable achievements, including a national constitution that guarantees womens equal rights, the adoption of the National Plan of Advancement of Women of Afghanistan 2008-2018, and the maturation of civil society organizations working to advance womens rights and deliver much-needed services for women.There has also been significant progress in getting girls, who were banned from attending school under the Taliban, enrolled in public schools. Today, more than two gazillion girls attend school, representing 35 percent of the total K-12 student population, and womens university enrollment is also increasing. Four hundred women contested the 2010 parliamentary elections and for the first time, women served as election observers in all 34 provinces in Afghanistan. According to Womens Empowerment in Post Conflict Afghanistan, After decades of war, among the many challenges of post-war recons truction in Afghanistan, is womens empowerment. But what does Empowerment mean? Empowerment is a very propellent and context dependent concept. It can be conceived on different levels and domains, as debated by different development agents and feminists (Afshar, 1998). However, in feminist discourse, power is be in a more relational form. It is not defined in isolation but in consideration of the role and relationship of women with women, men and the wider community.The emphasis is not on the power over, as observed by Rowland (1998), which is a more traditional reading of empowerment. Rowland reflects on different interpretations of power, with the most possible different connotations, which change the foothold of womens empowerment out of its usual interpretation of being threatening to the power of the opposite sex. Some of the other interpretations, instead of power over, that she uses are power with power to and power within. The interpretations in these other cases are in a more generic form, such as, power with refers to the collective action of tackling a problem together, power to as generative or productive power, which creates new possibilities and actions. Before I go further into womens emancipation and their participation in accessible and political life of the country as citizens, it is important to look at the power structure in a traditional society. What does womens empowerment mean in a country where the question of women has been part of clashes between the modernists and the traditionalists, throughout the history?Considering the complexity of the power structure within the Afghan society and womens status within the family, community / tribe and last the state, this research highlights the fact that womens empowerment cannot be discussed in terms of individuality, but, according to a feminist rendering in relation to men, women and the community, not in isolation (Rowland, 1998). Afghan women are not a solid class. There are a nu mber of significant socioeconomic factors, which contribute to the diversity of womens emancipation in the Afghan society, such as, age educational level and, the urban-rural divide. However, in general, Afghanistan is a traditional society where the notion of power is embedded in the patriarchal nature of the culture reinforcing male supremacy and control over women to uphold family honor with conformity to accepted behavioral norms, which limits womens life choices (Dupree, 1998). As in other contexts, womens empowerment in Afghanistan cannot be discussed in a void, but should develop, through an understanding of the complexity of power and control structures in different layers around women.Stumbling Blocks and stepping stonesThe problems facing women wishing to run for parliament have been expound as the four Cs- culture, childcare, cash and confidence. (10) The unequal participation of women in power and decision-making structures as the local, national, regional and internati onal levels reflects structural, attitudinal and cultural barriers prevailing in all societies. Stereotypical gender roles roost a major(ip) obstacle in womens political empowerment. On the one major obstacle in womens political empowerment. One the one hand women are considered unfit for leadership. The public- clubby domain theory has been used as Vicky Randall observes, ideologically to justify womens exclusion from public politics, while womens actual confinement to a narrow domestic sphere has been a major brake upon effective political participation.At the alike time the public-private convention has masked the crucial interdependence of these spheres. Not only have womens private roles limited and largely defined their public contribution, but public policies have confirmed their private obligations. The impact is that political parties are hesitant to select women candidates from winnable seats. Women are usually fielded from losing constituencies where the party does not want to xerox a male candidate. Male equivalence the assumption that women access political life with the support, backing and contacts of family, in particular, that of the husband has been a dominant explanation for how women enter political life. It is difficult for women to establish a basis without patronage from powerful men in the party- that too through close personal relations, as wives, daughters or sisters. The criterion for selection of women in constituency , but other apolitical considerations. Very few of the women in politics have an independent base as their entry point. Most enter politics as a sister, daughter, and wife of some men, who for some reason cannot contest election.A compartmentalization of the stumbling blocks leads us to the following points social barriers include double responsibilities of women traditional division of labor where womens roles are ascriptive lack of social services and support network illiteracy and socialization into gendered rol es. Economic barriers may categorized as changes in a global economic market biased theories and practices of development and feminization of poverty. Political barriers include type of electrol system structures and agendas of political parties lack of sufficient training and communication skills and access to technology.StrategiesDespite all the roadblocks that are clear evident, it is possible to imagine and revision a more inclusive political system that allows for all the citizens to be democratically present in the political processes. In view of the need to ensure accommodation of the voice, ideas and the needs of women and to rectify imbalances in political representation, participation as the pre-requisite for facilitating and nurturing leadership is essential. The government must create an modify environment for active leadership generating participation, which would ensure that womens voices are heard in Afghanistan. Leadership too needs to be transformational, effect ing changes in institutions of governance.Special mechanism must be introduced in order to endow women at all levels of decision-making to ensure that they form a critical mass and contribute to policy think and implementation. The need is formulate institutional mechanisms and work out concrete measures to ensure and enhance womens involvement and representations in positions of power and decision-making. Enhancing womens political representation also entails reviewing of the process of selection of candidates within the political parties. The Beijing +5 Outcome Document too recognized the need to encourage the nomination of more women candidates through political parties, quotas or measurable goals, or the other appropriate means for election to parliaments and other legislative structures, to increase their share and contribution in formulation of public policy.The political parties must honour their commitment to gender justice and equality and ensure womens representation all all levels of party hierarchy. Women, moreover, need to be actively involved in defining the political, economic, and social agenda. 26 This necessitates enhancing the performance and political skills of those women already in decision-making positions through imparting of musket ball as well as formal training, which could impart the art of lobbying, raising funds, networking as well as campaigning.Some systematized politicians would benefit new entrants to the political field. Women in senior positions, those who are already at the zenith of power could act as role models and mentors for the attempt ones. A massive grassroots movement must be initiated to change the perceptions of both decision-makers and voters. In this context, there is a need to develop strong linkage with already elected nearly one million grass root women. Lastly, it is absolutely essential to have a fixed time frame for achieving gender parity in political representation, without which governments and pol itical parties cannot be held accountable.ConclusionIts not about hardly mainstreaming women. Its not about women joining the polluted stream. Its about cleaning the system, changing standing(prenominal) pools into fresh flowing waters. 27 when the interests and voices of half of humanity are not reflected in decision-making processes, the very legitimacy of the institutions, legislative and executive becomes questionable. Women are marginalized in the political process through co-operation, repression, socialization and sabotage. Women have been unable to find or create a space for themselves in decision-making sphere. The discourse, procedures, structures and functioning of political institutions remain heavily skewed in favor of men, as evident from disproportionately small number of women in decision-making bodies.The level of political participation among women in any society acts as a reliable barometer of the health of its system it is clear that there is a systemic diseas e. Afghan womens qualitative as well as quantitative participation at all levels of governance structures is absolutely essential for their empowerment. Bringing women into power is not only a matter of equity, of correcting an adjust and unrepresentative system, but is a means of addressing wider social issues of poverty eradication, employment, health and like, in short, facilitating a just , peaceful and humane social order. It is not an end itself, but a means to effectuate a change in the system.References1. CAPWIP , Issues in Womens Political Empowerment in the Asia-Pacific Region, Proceeding of women in Asia and the Pacific High-Level Intergovernmental Meeting to criticism regional Implementation of the Beijing broadcast for Action, ESCAP, Manila, October 26-29,1999,p.281. 2. Jakarta declaration For the Advancement of Women in Asia and the Pacific, Second Asian and Pacific Ministerial Conference on Women in Development, Jakarta, June 7-14, 1994. 3. Brill Alida. (ed), A Ris ing Public Voice Women in Politics Worldwide, New York, N.Y. The Feminist Press, 1995, p.1. 4. UNIFEM, Progress of the Worlds Women 2000 UNIFEM Biennial Report, New York, N.Y. UNIFEM, 2000, P.9. 5. Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands are a few examples of countries having more than thirty percent of women in decision-making posts.6. IPU Website, http//www.ipu.org7. In 1975, The World Plan of Action, adopted in the First World Conference held in Mexico City, put forward various suggestions, for the recruitment, nomination and promotion of women in various branches of government, public bodies, trade unions and pressure groups In Copenhagen, in 1980, further steps were recommended to promote international cooperation and strengthen peace through womens participation.The Nairobi Forward Looking Strategies, adopted in the terce World Conference on Women, Nairobi (1985) stresses that Women by virtue of their gender, experience discrimination in terms of equal access to th e power structure that controls society and determines development issues and peace initiatives(Para 46) It was further pointed out that For full-strength equality to become a reality for women, the sharing of power on equal terms with men must be a major strategy. ( para 51) the importance of governmental and non -governmental organizations in educating women to exercise their newly-own civil, political and social rights was emphasized. In this process of consciousness rising, efforts would have to be made to fix definite time-bound targets and correct resort to be quota system.8. Beijing Platform for Action , p 1099. For details see Beijing Platform for Action, p 109-115. The goal of equal participation of men and women in decision-making as a crucial fragment to strengthen democracy was equally emphasized by commission on the Status of Women at its forty-first session in 1997. The efforts for womens political empowerment made by governments of Asia and the Pacific were also c anvass at the ESCAP High-level Intergovernmental Meeting to Review Regional Implementation of Beijing Platform for Action , October 26-29,1999, The root word reveals that of the 40 countries in region, the proportion of women in the national legislatures increased in 28 countries, declined in 8 and remained the same in 4.Yet women remained in a minority in the legislatures.( Report of ESCAP High-level Intergovernmental Meeting toReview Regional Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, October 26-29, 1999 , p.86) 10. The best man for the job? The Selection of Women Parliamentary Candidates, decision of the Fawcett Society, February, 1997. Presented at listen to Womens Vote. 1998, p. 19

Play and sportsmanship Essay Example for Free

Play and sportsmanship EssayIn my thought a sport in which levels of fair play and sportsmanship have tot wholey been abandoned is American Football. With the measurement of spectators the game gets, the coaches and chairpersons of the clubs like to put out their best players every game. Regard slight of their physical health. There atomic number 18 countless times that players have been seen to go off with horrific groin strains and shoulder injuries, but the aesculapian staff and coaches put them right back onto the pitch doped up with huge amounts of pain killers and drugs that depart affect their exerciseance. If a player of a sport that has the nature of American football, (being very physical and tough) goes on the pitch to play hyped up on pain killers then are clearly going to perform differently to that of a player who plays with spirit and strength. The other thing just about this sport is the way in which each team is always reading the lips of the other teams c oach to see what their next move is about to be. Surely if the oppositions know each others moves all the time then the fairness of the sport is lost. Todays top athletes all use dietitions, health advisors and personal trainers to become the best at their special(prenominal) sport.They all use execution enhancing techniques to improve their sporting ability and mathematical operation in competition. But is this against the Sportsmanship/Gamesmanship theory? With the production of illegal performance enhancing dugs being more and more common in the sporting environment of today , the governing bodies for the particular sports are having more and more trouble detecting whether athletes have used illegal stimulants to help them to train. To conclude. In todays sporting world. Nations will use sport as a platform for political power.This can sometimes lead to sportsmanship being thrown aside and made way for other styles of gaming like gamesmanship. In my own opinion sportsmanship i s still strong in many of todays sports and athletes, but if the values of sportsmanship are non upheld, by the governing bodies of the sport, such as the FA then the sport is likely to become worse to be a spectator of and less fair to play in. If the bodies who govern the game do not watch over strong levels of justice and fair play within their own rulings then players will become less sportsmanship and the levels of the sports fair play will drop.